Necessity of Baptism
From the Catechism of the Catholic Church, Simplified
The Only Door We Know (1257)
Jesus clearly told the apostles to baptize their disciples (Mt 28:19). "Whoever believes and is baptized, will be saved; whoever does not believe will be condemned" (Mk 16:16). Because Baptism is the only door to eternal happiness which the Church knows, she makes sure that all are baptized. Although God has bound salvation to Baptism, he himself is not bound by his sacraments (he can save by other means).
Death Before Baptism (1258)
Some, although not baptized, have suffered death because of faith in Christ. This Baptism of blood, much like Baptism of desire, brings about the fruits of the sacrament.
Catechumens who die before Baptism are assured of eternal salvation by their desire for Baptism and their repentance for sins.
Salvation of Those Not Baptized (1259-1261)
Because God wants everyone to be saved, the Spirit gives everyone a chance to share in Christ's death and rising. Those who are ignorant of the Gospel and the Church, yet seek the truth and do God's will (according to their understanding) can be saved. It is supposed that such persons would desire Baptism explicitly if they knew its necessity.
Concerning children who have died without Baptism, the mercy of God (who wills all to be saved) and Jesus' tenderness toward the children, allow the Church to hope that these children are saved. The Church calls parents not to prevent their children from receiving Baptism.
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