Ancient Diocese of Exeter

From the Catholic Encyclopedia

(EXONIA, ISCA DAMNONIORUM, CAER WISE, EXANCEASTER; EXONIENSIS).

English see, chosen by Leofric, Bishop of Crediton, as his cathedral city in 1050. Originally Devonshire formed part of the Diocese of Wessex. About 703 Devonshire and Cornwall became the separate Bishopric of Sherborne and in 900 this was divided into two, the Devonshire bishop having his cathedral at Crediton. The two dioceses were again united when Leofric became first Bishop of Exeter. The present cathedral was begun by Bishop William de Warelhurst in 1112; the abbey church of St. Mary and St. Peter, founded by Athelstan in 932 and rebuilt in 1019, serving till then as the cathedral church. The transept towers built by Warelhurst still remain, being the only part of the Norman cathedral existing. This Norman building was completed by Bishop Marshall at the close of the twelfth century. The cathedral as it now stands is in the decorated style, being begun by Bishop Quivil (1280-1291), continued by Bytton and Stapeldon, and completed by the great Bishop Grandisson during his long pontificate of forty-two years, who left it much as it now stands. In many respects it resembles the French cathedrals rather than those of England. The special features of the cathedral are the transeptal towers and the choir. The latter contains much early stained-glass and a magnificent episcopal throne, and is separated from the nave by a choir-screen of singular beauty (1324). The absence of a central tower and a general lack of elevation prevent the building from ranking among the greatest English cathedrals, though the stately west front is alone sufficient to render it remarkable.

The bishops of Exeter always enjoyed considerable independence and the see was one of the largest and richest in England. "The Bishop of Exeter," writes Professor Freeman, "like the Archbishop of York was the spiritual head of a separate people." The remoteness of the see from London prevented it from being bestowed on statesmen or courtiers, so that the roll of bishops is more distinguished for scholars and administrators than for men who played a large part in national affairs. This was fortunate for the diocese and gave it a long line of excellent bishops, one of whom, Edmund Lacy, died with a reputation for sanctity and the working of miracles (1455). The result of this was seen in the fidelity with which Devonshire and Cornwall adhered to the Catholic Faith at the time of the Reformation. The following are the bishops with the dates of their accession:

• Leofric, 1046
• Osbern, 1072
• William Warelwast, 1107
• Robert Chichester, 1138
• Robert Warelwast, 1155
• Bartholomew Iscanus, 1161
• John the Chaunter, 1186
• Vacancy 1191
• Henry Marshall, 1194
• Vacancy 1206
• Simon de Apulia, 1214
• William Bruere, 1224
• Richard Blondy, 1245
• Walter Bronescombe, 1257
• Peter Quivil, 1280
• Thomas de Bytton, 1292
• Walter de Stapeldon, 1308
• James Berkeley, 1326
• John Grandisson, 1327
• Thomas Brantyngham, 1370
• Edmund Stafford, 1395
• John Ketterick, 1419
• Edmund Lacy, 1420
• George Neville, 1458
• John Bothe, 1465
• Peter Courtenay, 1478
• Richard Fox, 1487
• Oliver King, 1492
• Richard Redman, 1496
• John Arundell, 1502
• Hugh Oldham, 1504
• John Vesey, 1519
• Vacancy 1551
• James Turberville, 1555-1559

The diocese, originally very wealthy, was plundered during the reign of Henry VIII, when Bishop Vesey was forced to surrender fourteen out of twenty-two manors, and the value of the bishopric was reduced to a third. Vesey, though a Catholic at heart, held the see until 1551, when he was made to resign, and the Reformer, Miles Coverdale, was intruded into the see, where he made himself most unpopular. On the accession of Mary, in 1553, Vesey was restored. He died in 1554 and was succeeded by James Turberville, beloved br Catholics and Protestants alike. He was deprived of the see by Elizabeth in 1559 and died in prison, probably in or about 1570, the last Catholic Bishop of Exeter. The diocese contained four archdeaconries, Cornwall, Barnstaple, Exeter, and Totton, and six hundred and four parishes. There were Benedictine, Augustinian, Franciscan, Dominican, and Norbertine houses, and four Cistercian abbeys. The cathedral was dedicated to St. Peter, and the arms of the see were: Gules, a sword in pale blade and hilt proper, two keys in saltire or.

LYTTLETON, Some remarks on the original foundation of Exeter Cathedral (1754); ENGLEFIELD, Observations on Bishop Lyttleton's account of Exeter Cathedral (London, 1796); ANON, Thesaurus Ecclesiasticus Provincialis (Exeter, 1782); BRITTON, History and Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of Exeter (London, 1836); BREWER, Hist. and Antiq. of the Cath. Ch. of Exeter (London, s. d.); BOGGIS, Exeter Cathedral (Exeter, s. d.); HEWETT, History of the Cathedral Church of Exeter (Exeter, 1848); OLIVER, Lives of the bishops of Exeter and history of the Cathedral (Exeter, 1861), also Monasticon Di cesis Exoniensis, records illustrating the ancient conventual foundations (Exeter, 1846); CARTER, Some account of the Cathedral Church of Exeter (London, 1879); SHELLY, History of the Chapter of Exeter (Plymouth, 1881); HINGESTON-RANDOLPH, Episcopal Registers: Diocese of Exeter, 1257-1419, 6 vols. (London, 1889-1896); REYNOLDS, Use of Exeter Cathedral according to John de Grandisson (London 1891); FREEMAN, Architectural History of Exeter Cathedral (Exeter, s. d.); REYNOLDS, Short History of the Ancient Diocese of Exeter, with calendar of Episcopal registers and of Manuscripts belonging to dean and chapter; (Exeter, 1895); EDWARDS, Exeter Cathedral (London, 1897); ADDLESHAW, Exeter: the Cathedral and See (London, 1898).

EDWIN BURTON